How do I verify my Google Account without my old phone?

I have a Google account, and I use the right username, email address, and password. After entering both correctly, they even keep sending me verification tokens to that email address. After I enter the verification code they supplied to the email linked to that account, they inform me that Google is unable to authenticate the email and hence cannot log me in.

Source: https://community.wd.com/t/1-888-303-0822-how-do-i-verify-my-google-account-without-my-old-phone/293049